Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material. In the early stages of the development of new energy vehicles, lithium iron phosphate batteries became the preferred choice for major manufacturers due to their superior thermal stability, good safety, and low development costs; Assuming the actual range of an electric vehicle is 200km, if calculated at 80%, it will be 160km. In such a double 80% scenario, a total usage range of 256000 kilometers can still be ensured, and an additional 80% discount on the total mileage will be at least 204800 kilometers.
The raw material cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries can be compressed very low. In practical use, lithium iron phosphate batteries have the advantages of high temperature resistance, strong safety and stability, low cost, and better cycling performance. Lithium iron phosphate electrode material is currently the safest positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. With a cycle life of over 2000 times and standard charging (5 hour rate) usage, it can achieve a cycle performance of 2000 times. In addition, due to the mature industry, the price and technical threshold and the decline in technology have led many manufacturers to consider using lithium iron phosphate batteries for various reasons.
It can be said that the rise of new energy vehicles is closely related to lithium iron phosphate batteries. However, lithium iron phosphate batteries have a fatal drawback, which is poor low-temperature performance. The use of lithium iron phosphate batteries has an indelible foundational role in the mass production, implementation, and promotion of new energy vehicles.
Ternary lithium-ion batteries:
Ternary lithium-ion batteries refer to lithium-ion batteries that use nickel cobalt manganese lithium potassium ternary cathode materials. Compared with the previously introduced lithium iron phosphate batteries, they have high energy density, reasonable price, and better overall performance, making them the type of battery currently used in most new energy vehicles. The cycle life of ternary lithium-ion batteries can reach about 1500 times. If calculated based on 80%, it is 1200 times. Assuming that the actual range of an electric vehicle can reach 200km, if calculated based on 80%, it is 160km. In this dual 80% situation, the maximum total mileage can reach 192000 kilometers. Even if the total mileage is further discounted by 80%, there are still 153600 kilometers left.
The use of ternary lithium-ion battery materials for the positive electrode has a 19.4% higher discharge capacity, 37.5% higher specific energy, and 39.7% higher discharge specific power compared to the use of lithium iron phosphate materials. Due to the higher specific capacity and compaction density of ternary materials compared to lithium iron phosphate materials, using ternary materials for battery discharge has significant advantages. Unlike lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium-ion batteries have a high voltage platform, which means that the specific energy and power of ternary lithium-ion batteries are higher under the same volume or weight. In addition, ternary lithium-ion batteries also have significant advantages in high rate charging and low temperature resistance.
